Andrew Carnegie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Andrew Carnegie - Essay Example ers and acquisitions, cost limiting measures, and centralization of provisions made a portion of the huge business mammoths in America, and by augmentation, the world. Andrew’s first endeavor into the Iron and steel industry was because of his commitment in the railroad transport industry, first as a telegrapher and secretary then as administrator of Pennsylvania Railroad. Here he was accused of, in addition to other things, obtaining the steel rails for the growing railroad systems and motors. Through the railroad contacts he met while working here, he perceived the chance of assembling the substantial hardware required for the business. He was effective in arranging Keystone Bridge Company, the principal fruitful maker of iron rail, and Pittsburgh Locomotive Works into a unit to gracefully the hardware. He additionally urged George Pullman to get together with him and structure the Pullman Palace Car Company to showcase dozing vehicles to the Union Pacific, is so doing he made an imposing business model. In the long run, his nearby binds with John Pierpont Morgan drove him to sell his huge advantages in the steel business to J. P. Morgan. The exchanges that finished in March 2, 1901 to frame United States Steel Corporation is the biggest such mechanical takeover to date. Carnegie is additionally associated with his exceptional cost cutting measures is somewhat answerable for the occasions that molded the work power in the iron business in America. His installment plan for example was racial educated. He paid Slavs, Russians, and Italians $12 every week, local conceived whites got $22 every week, and Irish and Scots got $16 every week. His steelworks were additionally said to have been in unfortunate conditions. What's more, in his initial days as a business, he is said to have without any help fell the goliath steel laborers association, Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers. A portion of his strategies incorporate employing strikebreakers and spies, boycotting laborers who were believed to be fit for raising a ruckus, and keeping up the

Research proposal Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Proposition - Research Paper Example Results got from this exploration will help in educating guardians regarding the wellbeing measure they should use to keep away from mishaps in their homes. This is on the grounds that a few guardians neglect the little things around the house, that wind up causing mishaps with babies (Nationwide Children’s Hospital). Upbeat and sound youngsters are the delight of each parent. The nearness of an infant in a home gives all the grown-ups the obligation of guaranteeing the house is ok for the youngster. All pieces of the house that the infant can get to should be youngster sealed to guarantee the wellbeing of the kid. In any common home, there are different covered up and clear youngster security dangers. Guardians must find a way to guarantee that babies in the house are protected (Douglas, 2003). During the beginning times of advancement, newborn children and babies are generally inquisitive and will in general touch, pull, push, and eat all that they interact with. Each family unit will undoubtedly have an experience with a baby and in this way, childproofing is a typical encounter. By the by, mishaps despite everything happen in light of the little things that we overlook since they don't appear to be risky. As per Wallin (45), recognizing these little things will help in keeping future mishaps f rom happening hence guaranteeing a protected and solid infant. There has been a great deal of research done in regards to the issue of Infant and Toddler wellbeing at home. The vast majority of the wounds that happen to youngsters under the ages of five years happen in the home condition. Newborn children and babies invest the majority of their energy in the house and their inquisitive nature and absence of dread opens them to perilous circumstance (Ahmann, 105). Therefore babies are the ones who endure the most in instances of home related wounds. This calls for activity that includes setting up preventive measures and watching out for little children as they play to forestall the event

Art Keeps Me Sane At MIT

Art Keeps Me Sane At MIT [by Danbee Kim 09] My mother, like any other parent, likes to keep tabs on what Im learning at this fancy college I go to, which is why she gave me a quizzical look when I came home for Christmas break freshman year knowing three new ways to juggle and talking about how I was being cross-cast in the IAP musical. To be honest, the only reason why I started doing theater at MIT was because the Musical Theater Guild was performing Star Wars Trilogy: The Musical Edition fall of my freshman year the unhealthily obsessed geek within me totally plowed through any stage fright that I could have possibly felt as I sang and danced as Bail Organa, Lobot, an empirial technician, and an ewok in a grueling three-hour, two-intermission-long show. Kenneth Kamrin, a graduate student in mathematics, works with the Yoda puppet, one of the stars of Star Wars Trilogy: Musical Edition, a production of the MIT Theater Guild. Photo / Jax Kirtley Really, can you blame me for falling in love with theater at MIT? And the more I got involved, the more I learned about every aspect of theater. In high school, I was only ever involved with lighting or set related tech. Spring semester of my freshman year, I got the incredible learning opportunity of directing a musical with the help of a mentor. The next fall, I co-costume designed the show with two of my fellow cast members. And the learning opportunities kept coming. I used to dread dancing the way a lobster dreads lemon butter. Doing musical theater helped me learn to dance, even love to dance. True, I dont get any credit or pay for the hours I put into the Musical Theater Guild; but after all the math and science I get saturated with in my academic life, its mind-blowingly refreshing to have something in my schedule that requires a completely different set of skills and mental attitudes. Andrew Lippas Wild Party, the Musical Theater Guilds current show, with performances February 1-9. Thats how I got seduced by juggling as well. One day, an upperclassmen on my hall started to contact juggle in our lounge in order to take a break from a grueling pset. What is contact juggling? Remember that really cool thing David Bowie did with a glass ball in the movie Labyrinth? Thats contact juggling. And there it was, right before my eyes, and by an MIT computer science major with crazy spiked hair. From him I learned to contact juggle, toss juggle, and even juggle fire and do tricks with a whip. It opened up a whole new realm of artistic exploration and creation, and when I joined the MIT Juggling Club, I found a whole community of people who are also inspired and motivated to push the boundaries of performing art. I am not exaggerating when I say that doing art is what keeps me sane at MIT. The beautiful irony of it is that the analytical, obsessive, and perfectionist mindset of a scientist or engineer is what makes artists at MIT so good at their art. I remember having a conversation with a fellow member of the Musical Theater Guild about how we were able to break down something artistic, such as a choreographed dance, and analyze why one particular aspect of it worked or didnt work. And the ability to make unique connections, the desire to push expectations and norms, are all things that can lead to greatness in any field. But for me, and for any performing artist, its all about being in that moment, that zone of supreme awareness of each muscle in your body, and understanding how to create something beautiful and exhilarating. And even here at MIT, where the people can spend hours happily coding on a Saturday night instead of partying, people understand the sheer physical joy of performing art. Of course, its a little more difficult to present this idea to parents who are sending their kid to an institute of technology that costs more than $45,000 a year to attend. But for those of us who have found the balance between our academic passions and artistic love affairs, who says we cant have our cake and eat it too?

What Are the Ethical Issues of Human Cloning - 1463 Words

There is ongoing controversy regarding the issue of human cloning in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia which have made attempts or have done research in reproductive cloning. Countries like Australia have prohibited human cloning in 2006. (NHMRC, 2007) Advocates who involve congress members, editorial writers, fertility specialists...and so on gave benefits of human cloning, yet not enough to justify the moral and ethical issues underlying the controversy. Human cloning refers to the creation of a genetically identical copy of an existing human or growing cloned tissue from that individual. This essay will illustrate the major ethical concerns associated with human cloning that lead to the conclusion†¦show more content†¦Consequently, with no sense of self-worth or individuality, the child may tend to believe that he or she is merely a carbon copy, giving the outcome that children produced from reproductive cloning are likely to have psych ological problems of identity, dignity and individuality. (President’s Council, 2002, internet) As a result, it can be said that oppressive expectations burdened on human clones is an ethical issue and reason why human cloning should not be advocated. To conclude, diverse opinions are strongly held regarding the ethnicity of human cloning which include: Safety concerns are expressed regarding human cloning, given there are too many unknowns concerning reproductive cloning of human, attempts to clone human is considered potentially dangerous and ethically irresponsible. Secondly, it is believed that human cloning is unlikely to be delivered in an equitable manner, as they may not be entitled to full rights, with a deeper concern regarding promoting trends of designer babies. Finally the last ethical issue discussed is that parental expectations and constant comparisons could psychologically affect the cloned child. (McConville, 2001, 399)Show MoreRelatedEthical Issues Related to the Cloning Debate1389 Words   |  6 PagesThe act of cloning a human being comes dangerously close to human beings acting as God. Do human beings have the right to tamper with nature in this way? This essay explores the various ethical issues related to the cloning debate, and seeks answers to this deep philosophical question at the heart of bioethics. As a student of genetic biology and future biologist, this question also has personal relevance. Our science is evolving at a rapid pace. As human cloning becomes increasingly possible, itRead MoreEthical Implications in the Fields of Science and Arts Essay1462 Words   |  6 Pagesasking to identify and discuss ethical implications that might interfere with the production of knowledge in the field of natural sciences and arts. Ethics is defined as the moral principles that govern a person’s or group’s behaviors and actions towards a certain subject. Ethical implications are the problems that a certain action would have on ethics. This particular essay title tackles the areas of knowledge of natural sciences and arts and ethics. Many knowledge issues can be associated with thisRead MoreEssay about To Clone or not to Clone:1703 Words   |  7 PagesHuman cloning is an extremely experimental and volatile area of scientific research with dubious and highly unethical results to date. Human cloning should not be performed by any means because it is highly likely it will create living beings not as they are intended to be produced. Rather, the results will be living beings which were created in an unnatural, man-directed way created by human choice. By acting this way, cloning gives people the power to play God. Human cloning generally has threeRead MoreCloning Pros And Cons Of Cloning1147 Words   |  5 Pages Cloning Pros Cons Nicole Hedrick Baker College HSC 402A /Dr. Eric Oestmann/Seminar Two Position/Argument Essayâ€Æ' Abstract A clone is where two organisms share the same exact DNA. These two organisms are the same identical replica of each other. In the past, cloning has taken place naturally. For instance, a couple who naturally conceived and gave birth to identical twins or triplets. Today, science and technology has been introduced to where cloning can intentionally be done. Some peopleRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill s Philosophy On The Morality And Ethical Nature Of The Subject1507 Words   |  7 PagesLooking at anything through the lens of different philosophical ideologies will show a variety of differing opinions on the morality or ethical nature of the subject. Cloning can be viewed a few different ways based on the teachings in philosophy one follows. Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a branch of philosophy, which bases its understanding of right action on consequences. More precisely, an act is considered right if it creates the most happiness (pleasure), and the least pain, for the greatestRead MoreEssay on Cloning Informative Speech1597 Words   |  7 PagesCloning and Stem Cell Research S/P: To inform my audience about cloning and cell stem research. C/I: The benefits and ethical issues of cloning and cell stem research. Introduction Specific purpose: Today I’m going to inform you about â€Å"Cloning Technology and Stem Cell Research†. Attention getter: Imagine yourself dying from heart disease or liver failure, and the only way to live was to have an exact clone of your heartRead MoreThe Cloning Should Not Be Banned By The Human Body886 Words   |  4 Pages Cloning Dolly, the sheep in 1996 was a momentous moment in scientific history. Scientists removed the nucleus from one of Dolly s skin cells and engineered an egg to be insert with then nucleus. This egg could have fertilized in a mothers uterus. Following this discovery, mice, pigs and cattle have been cloned based on the same concept. In 2012, a group of scientists took cloning a step further and cloned human embryos. With great certainty, human cloning will be banned by the government dueRead MoreCloning Stem Cells From Cloned Embryos Case Study1693 Words   |  7 Pagesembryos poses fewer ethical problems than obtaining stem cells from discarded IVF embryos. Several Scientist and Ethicist have argued that embryos resulting from SCNT do not have the same moral status we normally accord to other embryos: the combination of a somatic nucleus and an enucleated egg a â€Å"transnuclear egg†, is a mere â€Å"artifact† with no â€Å"natural purpose† or potentia l â€Å"to evolve into an embryo and eventually a human being,† and therefore falls outside the category of human beings. A similarRead MoreHuman Cloning Debate: The Fate of Frankenstein1671 Words   |  7 PagesFrankenstein myth is the idea that humans have the technology and wisdom to create or duplicate life. This idea, cloning, is neither new, nor mysterious it is simply the biological process of producing replicas of organisms through other means than sexual reproduction. In the United States, consumption of meat and other products derived from cloning was approved in December of 2006, with no special labeling required. However, although there are two types of human cloning typically discussed: therapeuticRead MoreThe Ethics of Cloning Essay example1453 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ethics of Cloning On February 27, 1997, it was reported that scientists produced the first clone of an adult sheep, attracting international attention and raising questions on the morality of cloning. Within days, the public had called for ethics inquires and new laws banning cloning. Issues are now raised over the potentially destructive side of this scientific frontier. Many people are morally opposed to the possible consequences of women being able to give birth to themselves, or scientists

Persuasive Essay On Gun Control - 1742 Words

Imagine somebody breaking into your home with the intentions of hurting you and your family and trying to take all your valuables that you own in your house, and not having anything to protect your loved ones. Without the protection of a firearm, the intruder could injure or kill all members within the household easily. In the United States, according to the Bill of Rights, a citizen has the right to bear arms, however, recently people have started to believe that guns only incite violence and therefore gun laws need to be more strict. Although, If you own the firearm for the right reasons and go through the process of having a carrying license, then that is within your rights to protect yourself and be able to own the gun. Therefore,†¦show more content†¦There are a lot of people who have had a huge problem with this law. It is easy to understand why some people can get fed up with it at points. Guns can really hurt and affect a lot of families, but without these weapons we wouldn’t be an independent country and would still have to believe in the Church of England and would not able to call ourselves free people and make our own decisions. This country was built the way it was because of firearms, which is why it would be disrespectful to the people who fought and died for us, to rewrite the constitution they fought for. Everyone in the United States wouldn’t be sitting where we are today, and would be controlled by a different nation if it weren’t for them in the 1700’s, sticking up for the rights they believed in. â€Å"Throughout the course of the war, an estimated 6,800 Americans were killed in action, 6,100 wounded, and upwards of 20,000 were taken prisoner.† (civilwar.org) The people who fought for us had to endure so much and for us just to ban one of the main reasons why the United States is an independent and free country wouldn’t be fair to the people who risk their lives for us. All and all, if p eople are using firearms for the right reason there should be no choice but to leave the amendment. We are honoring America and all the people who sacrificed for us to be here, this is not to say that guns are safe, if they are inShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay : Gun Control798 Words   |  4 PagesPersuasive Essay Did you know that in the United States almost 100,000 people are shot or killed with a gun in one year? 10,527 people die a year in handgun related incidents in the United States. This number, by far, outweighs the number of gun related deaths in countries such as Sweden, Great Britain, and Japan, which number 13, 22, and 87, respectively. What is the reason for such drastic differences in numbers? Sweden, Great Britain, and Japan are all countries that have stricter gun controlRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1753 Words   |  8 PagesPersuasive Essay Rough Draft The United States of America has a problem that is growing worse every day. American laws are not protecting its citizens from injury or death. You may think the mass shootings in America the guns used were bought illegally, but â€Å"since 1982, there have been at least 62 mass shooter carried out with firearms across the country, with the killings unfolding in 30 states from Massachusetts to Hawaii. Of the 139 guns possessed by the killers, more than three quarters wereRead More Persuasive Articles on Gun Control Essays607 Words   |  3 PagesPersuasive Articles on Gun Control Persuading an audience can be done in several different fashions, one of which is Hugh Rank’s Model of Persuasion. Rank’s model states that two major strategies are used to achieve the particular goal of persuasion. These strategies are nicely set into two main schemas; the first method is to exaggerate an aspect of something, known as â€Å"intensify.† While the second is to discredit it, which is referred to as â€Å"downplay.† Al Franken, Jeffrey SnyderRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1018 Words   |  5 PagesImagine, an America where no citizen, law abiding or not, has the legal ability to own guns. Three gunmen with fully automatic rifles walk into a crowded city and begin firing. No law abiding citizen can defend themselves. It’s hopeless. This future can only be prevented if Americans continue to keep the second amendment. We should keep the current gun control laws, but revise them to make them even better. Most gun own ers are responsible under the current laws, however, I think some laws need to beRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1245 Words   |  5 Pagesand time again. Due to recent tragedies involving firearms, the view of guns and peoples rights to own and operate firearms have been frowned upon and viewed in a bad light due to Media. News sources have cherrypicked pictures of tragedies and stories about bad instances of gun usage in order to fight for Gun Control and the suppression of Americans rights. Due to the recent Vegas shooting, the argument for Gun Control has never been more intense, and Media outlets are having a field day onRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control915 Words   |  4 PagesHistorically guns haven’t been a national issue. It is not until relatively recently that an overwhelming amount of people have been in favor of placing stricter laws on the owning of a fire arm. The call for gun control has become more prevalent in the eyes of the government and the people; the gun laws that are also often proposed are irrational and ineffective. One could not simply ban guns, it is comparable to banning a certain genre of music; it’s unachievable and would be a fruitless pursuitRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1745 Words   |  7 Pagescruelty to animals, and yet he was able to buy four guns legally (Rosenberg). That is the most recent example of why Americans need more gun control laws. Guns are not cool or makes you look good, they are a da ngerous piece of machinery that Americans take advantage of. The average American in the right mindset should not want to own anything more than one handgun or rifle for hunting or protecting their household. Gun control reform that limits gun ownership, enforces mandatory background checks, andRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1439 Words   |  6 Pagesreason why Americans own so many guns is because of the Second Amendment, which states, â€Å"A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† (Rauch) This amendment guarantees U.S. citizens the right to have firearms. Since this amendment is relatively vague, it is up for interpretation, and is often used by gun advocates to argue for lenient gun laws. Hence, gun control is a frequently discussed controversialRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control967 Words   |  4 Pagessaid gun violence has gotten out of hand. This do esn’t mean that the second amendment is the cause of it. Gun Violence has become such a big part of the Second Amendment since they both play a major part of the gun industry. Guns have become such a powerful source to many individuals. With the second amendment placed, this means we have gun control, which are rules that regulate, the manufacture, possession, modification, or use of firearms by civilians. There should be a stricter law on gun controlRead MorePersuasive Essay On Gun Control1634 Words   |  7 PagesOver the recents years, there have been many arguments about the issue of gun control at the state and national level. In California, there have been a variety of enacted laws within recent years to address the issue of growing gun violence around the country and ways to prevent terrorist attacks. California s new enacted laws about gun control in the state range from abolishing certain features on weapons to restricting certain handguns or other firearms a person might buy. The legislative branch

Unknown Facts About Samples of Writing an Essay Uncovered by the Experts

Unknown Facts About Samples of Writing an Essay Uncovered by the Experts The Pain of Samples of Writing an Essay Start Now The very first thing you ought to know about how to compose an essay has never postponed the start. 1 way to consider the conclusion is, paradoxically, as a second introduction since it does actually contain a number of the exact capabilities. With us, it doesn't matter what your reason is, you might not have enough time, knowledge, skills or some other reason that may not enable you to compose the paper. Humanitarian essay samples will provide you with some idea on the capacity of the expert writer or company to create a top quality humanitarian paper. Asking the writer to offer humanitarian essay examples of their prior work won't only offer you some thought of the writing style of the professional, but may also be a pointer to the competence and qualification of the person. Writing an environment essay can be a difficult endeavor for an initial timer. An environmental problems essay must also concentrate on how best to encourage people to safeguard their environment, and the advantages of this kind of endeavor. Your writing also needs to be quite easy to read and all facets of it are managed properly to be able to guarantee Coherence and Cohesion. When you look at the outline of the essay and see the manner in which every particular section is introduced, you acquire a firm grasp of the way to do an excellent job. You may use the samples as a foundation for working out how to write in the suitable style. When writing about a case of a profile essay about someone who's not well known include enough details that will enable your reader to acquire an idea about what you're presenting. Key Pieces of Samples of Writing an Essay The following two sections will explain the format and requirements of every one of the writing tasks in addition to how they'll be scored. There are several narrative essay topic areas you could select from, including travel reports, in which you could relate you possess travel experiences. Writing for pay as a means to earn money from home may seem to be great idea however, there are a few considerations to make before jumping headlong into such a venture. It may seem like a good idea however there are some considerations to make before jumping headlong into such a venture. There are many persuasive essay examples college students are able to make use of online. The above is of amazing significance, especially to students who think that critical essays should concentrate on the negative facets of a subject. In conclusion, it looks like assignment essays continue to get a prominent part in tertiary education as an assessment tool. You can be certain your environment essay will stick out in quality! The Hidden Gem of Samples of Writing an Essay To compose effective environmental essays, it's most effective to find custom essay writing services that supply you with quality essays at inexpensive rates. An essay has to be composed of an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. It gives you an opportunity to show how effectively you can read and comprehend a passage and write an essay analyzing the passage. When you're writing an essay for the very first time, you will need to observe some examples to fully grasp the method by which the essay should exam ine the finished form. No paper written for a different client is used for a different customer. Possessing a goal is indeed necessary to writing a good crucial essay and it is crucial to outline it clearly. Revising an assignment is essential as it will help to clarify the major point together with ensures the readers' needs are satisfied. Reach to us when you desire a good example of creative writing. Your reader is more inclined to drop the idea in a lengthy sentence. While every section of an essay is vital, it is necessary to remember it is in the introduction where readers get to determine whether they ought to be reading the remainder of your composition or not. As you compose the essay, make sure that you've got an introduction that captures the interest of a reader. In the event that you were writing about a personal profile essay example about a celebrity, you ought to make the reader feel happy with the info you've provided. Details of Samples of Writing an Essay Citations and extracts from several sources have to be formatted properly. Therefore, to prevent negative effects, you ought to use samples wisely. Our samples are supposed to set you apart by aiding you to write superior papers and essays. Hope they will be a great help for you!

Process Innovation Implementing Converged Security

Question: Discuss about the Process Innovation for Implementing Converged Security. Answer: Introduction: The present report analyses the security aspect of information in Premier Ambulance Services Sdn Bhd, which is mainly oriented towards the practice of preventing unauthorised access, usage, modification, or disclosure of information. According to a report by Gullander et al. (2014), these aspects are critical in cases, when the concerned action related to information breach results into the risk to the organisation which in turn is linked with reduced functionality, harm the market reputation and damage the competitiveness. The company considered for discussion works in the healthcare sector and the business association is mediated between customers (patient community), healthcare settings, and transport/automotive related stakeholders. Identify and describe the organisations physical, human, and electronic information holdings that may be at risk. The fundamental aspect in this regard is linked with human resources in which strategic management department, staffing structure, policies and guidelines, as well as employee relation structures and agreements are crucial. The information holding in this regard include the following elements (Davenport, 2013): Strategy and management division This part of the organisation is responsible for the delivery of personnel-related information, in which the key responsibility area for which the information is vital, includes recruitment, promotion, pay or incentive details, disciplinary actions, special leave, and absenteeism of their employees. Staffing structure - The information aspect in this consideration include the details of policy and guidance materials for the ambulatory staff, such as attendance management, the conduct of actions and procedures, diversity management and organisational culture, leaving, pay and benefits of employees as per the national and corporate guidelines, and performance criteria. The policies, procedures, and guidelines related to human resources The information content in this section mainly holds the conditions of service. For example, the application recruitment laws like civil services, equal pay scale, gender non-discrimination, driving license, and adjuvant technical qualifications such as pharmacy, nursing, and social worker. Similarly, for the performance management aspect, the day-to-day functionality, challenges, negotiation, and delegation are included. Other than this, it also includes information such as pension policies, provident funds, and grievance. Employee relations and agreements The management and trade union within this scope are committed towards the conduct of their industrial and employee relations businesses. The bargaining purpose related information which is holding risk include (i) the public and commercial services; (ii) prospect for future of employees; and (ii) first division association (FDA). Likewise, another important aspect includes information related to physical resources such as ambulatory vehicles and property assets, property holdings, estate development plans, maintenance arrangement of vehicles. Notably, the associated stakeholders, vendor for temporary vehicles, and contract drivers are of high importance, for which the information security is essential (Mubarak Alharbi, Zyngier Hodkinson, 2013). Lastly, electronic resources include record management policy which also includes record retention schedule. The information mainly includes audit reports, annual reports, and other details of the accounting. In addition to this, it also includes the consideration of file and folder system at the workplace such that employee should utilise the resources only for the organisational purpose, no personal work must be executed using the firm information, and all the information sharing must be executed among authorised or concerned professionals only (Mubarak Alharbi, Zyngier Hodkinson, 2013). The mentioned provision of information and association is requisite for computer professional and not for the drivers or field-workers. Identify and describe the actual and potential physical, human, and electronic threats to the organisations information holdings. The major threats to the above-mentioned organisation aspect are all linked towards rational usage of data, preserving information for biased usage, and sharing among the authorised professionals only for concerned activities. Importantly, it is also ascertained with the information holdings that they will be used only for the organisational purpose, especially during work execution. Hence, any form of use that can cause harm to the firm is considered to be a breach. The components crucial in this regard include following aspects (Narasimhan Aundhe, 2014): Confidentiality Prevention of unauthorised disclosure of information related to customers, which can be deleterious in the case of sensitive information and may result in financial or market image loss for the firm. Integrity The prevention of erroneous editing or modification within the information is also critical, as storing incorrect data, corrupting the information, or making errors and omission of details may result in loss of functionality for the ambulatory services. Availability - This is linked with prevention of unauthorised withholding of information. As in many cases, personnel withholding or disclosure of information to public domain may result in loss or discontinuity for the firm. Authenticity - This is the procedure of verifying the users and providing a genuine logging detail to the employee, ensure optimal usage of information. This will not only hold the sensitive information from being biased but will also be helpful in tracking the information user for a particular task or according to time.Design a security plan that describes counter-measures that will manage the threats that put the organisations information holdings at risk. For the assess-related threat, the counter-measures include strong authentication and protection of authentication cookies using SSL (secure sockets layer). For exploiting and penetration related threat to information, using data hashing and signing are adequate methods. This also includes secure communication links with the product to offer message integrity. Other than this, the use of strong encryption is also effective to avoid any unauthorised editing or modification of information (Abawajy, 2014). Note that the mentioned security aspect is critical for the recording, documentation, and online processing of information by the company associates and customers. Other than this, the privilege related threats can be managed with counter-measures such as using hint question and verifying the answers from users; using the date of birth or other date-related information for authorization. The same system is also applicable to customers, as they can manage their information, through online means. In advanced systems, the use of retinal scans, fingerprints, and facial recognition are effective, but is not applicable for this company, due to existing infrastructures and resources. Note that these mentioned countermeasures are effective in conjunction with physical and human-related information (Aleem, Wakefield Button, 2013). The computer resources are requisite to be managed with SQL, SSL, and key or one-time-password linked with phone numbers or e-mail account is effective. Additionally, in certain sections of the company, paper-based record system is also maintained. The counter-measures to such informational security is possible to manage with the help of authorised entry to record storage room, strict instructions to concerned professional, and restricting the movement of original documents within the storage room only (only photocopies are allowed for sharing). Develop a comprehensive information security education and awareness programme for use by management, staff members and contractors). The information security education program will include following elements (Peltier, 2016; Safa, Von Solms Furnell, 2016): Giving a general overview and rationale behind the security management aspects This will not only include elaboration to the facts but will also include the consequence of the information threat (breach) to the concerned individual as well as to the firm. The discussion of relevant legislation and guidelines are also requisite to be included. Linking phone/e-mail/computer system to the server database Employees mainly staff (temporary and permanent), as well as drivers and contract workers, are requisite to give the inputs following which they will be linked to the organisational server. Hence, any form of authorisation can be collected on that basis. Demonstrating the usage This includes a demo for logging in and out, sharing of information, granting permission, pending request, approval strategy, and level-wise authorisation for information usage. For the paper-based record system, authorised application and channel to pass the information is needed. Lastly, the sustainability of learned terms can be concluded with the help of monitoring and evaluation framework. Necessary technical support is thus requisite in this regard to all the employees. Note that for the management team, the program guidelines include arrangement of facilities for learning, training, and execution of task. Likewise, the evaluation and monitoring terms are also included for management responsibility, such that sustainability can be achieved (Safa, Von Solms Furnell, 2016). References: Abawajy, J. (2014). User preference of cyber security awareness delivery methods.Behaviour Information Technology,33(3), 237-248. Aleem, A., Wakefield, A., Button, M. (2013). Addressing the weakest link: Implementing converged security.Security Journal,26(3), 236-248. Davenport, T. H. (2013).Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Gullander, P., Fast-Berglund, ., Harlin, U., Mattsson, S., Groth, C., kerman, M., Stahre, J. (2014). MeetingsThe innovative glue between the organisation system and information system. InThe sixth Swedish Production Symposium. [Assessed from https://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/202978/local_202978.pdf Dated 25 mar 2017]. Mubarak Alharbi, I., Zyngier, S., Hodkinson, C. (2013). Privacy by design and customers perceived privacy and security concerns in the success of e-commerce.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,26(6), 702-718. Narasimhan, R., Aundhe, M. D. (2014). Explanation of Public Private Partnership (PPP) Outcomes in E-Government--A Social Capital Perspective. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 2189-2199). IEEE. Peltier, T. R. (2016).Information Security Policies, Procedures, and Standards: guidelines for effective information security management. CRC Press. Safa, N. S., Von Solms, R., Furnell, S. (2016). Information security policy compliance model in organizations.computers security,56, 70-82.

Slang Investigation free essay sample

Although the sentences of a certain lyric in the hip hop songs are often shortened and unfinished and sometimes, they are not grammatically correct either, composers try to arrange a group of words correctly so as to get beautiful lyrics. Hip hop songs usually tell us about human activities, violence or social criticism. In those songs, the sentence structures and the choice of words are not really paid attention to. These songs mostly present non-standard English, which tends to be vulgar, lazy in pronunciation and it is often talked about as bad, incorrect and poor English.Most of the words in the lyrics are slang words. However, it is slang that can help composers to verbalize from the bottom of their heart. Two to the one from the one to the three. Like good puss and I like good trees. Smoke so much weed you wouldnt believe. And I get more ass than a toilet seat (Relax). We will write a custom essay sample on Slang Investigation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [185] There are a number of slang Norms used in the above song such as puss a woman as a sexual object, trees, weed marijuana, ass buttocks.Reading or listening to these words, some people who use English as a second or a foreign language may get confused in comprehending the meaning of the song lyrics because the slang words have the specific meaning. It could be seen that studying slang is one of the interesting ways to ameliorate and develop language learners vocabulary. And 5 in respect of culture, language learners can get acquainted with the past and resent social life of people and understand their way of living, thinking as well as their tradition through slang.Therefore, studying slang is very important to teachers and learners of English not only to improve their comprehension but also to understand different cultures. For the reasons above, the topic entitled An Investigation into Morphological, Semantic and Cultural Features of Slang in English Hip Hop Songs has been chosen for my MA thesis with the hope that it will contribute something valuable to the English teaching and learning, as well as communication and translation. Aims This thesis is carried out with an aim to investigate some morphological, semantic and cultural features of slang in English hip hop songs (Shes) 1. 2. 2. Objectives This paper is designed to reach the following objectives: to investigate morphological and semantic features of Shes to discover typical cultural characteristics of Shes affecting the interpretation and communication of non-native learners of English to provide non-native learners of English with a basic knowledge of slang help them understand, use slang in speaking, and in translating effectively and naturally. To suggest some implications for English teaching and studying, translation as well as communication. Through an investigation of morphological, research. Besides, it can be used as a reference for the readers who are interested in Shes. To be equipped with the knowledge of slang, non-native learners of English in general and Vietnamese learners of English in particular will be able to comprehend such interesting and popular hip hop songs whose lyrics contain a lot of slang.

Free Essays on Technology In The Classroom

Technology in the Classroom The best method for improving educational standards is to utilize every tool available, including state-of-the-art technology. The effects of implementing technology in education would be extremely beneficial and crucial in today’s growing technological world. Such effects would include expanding the way information is delivered, providing distance education, and new educational programs. Computers and the Internet have expanded the way in which information can be delivered to the students of today. Today's networking technologies provide a valuable opportunity to practice new learning techniques. In effect, educators are discovering that computers are facilitating learning. Computer based communications, or telecommunications, can offer many educational opportunities; therefore, educators will need to adapt current teaching methods to incorporate this new media into the classroom. Computers have made a fundamental impact in most industries, providing a competitive advantage that has come to be essential to many businesses. Therefore, schools must also use technology to improve the educational process. School systems often consider purchasing a computer network, and justify its purchase by applying it to routine administrative tasks, such as attendance records and grading. While these tasks are very important, they only show a small part of what technology can do for a school. The effects of technology must go further than simply keeping attendance; it must focus on keeping students interested and productive. Since computers and the Internet have expanded in such a way in which education can be delivered to students, it is currently possible to engage in "distance education through the Internet. Distance education involves audio and video links between teachers and students in remote areas. Video conferencing allows groups to communicate with each ot... Free Essays on Technology In The Classroom Free Essays on Technology In The Classroom Technology in the Classroom The best method for improving educational standards is to utilize every tool available, including state-of-the-art technology. The effects of implementing technology in education would be extremely beneficial and crucial in today’s growing technological world. Such effects would include expanding the way information is delivered, providing distance education, and new educational programs. Computers and the Internet have expanded the way in which information can be delivered to the students of today. Today's networking technologies provide a valuable opportunity to practice new learning techniques. In effect, educators are discovering that computers are facilitating learning. Computer based communications, or telecommunications, can offer many educational opportunities; therefore, educators will need to adapt current teaching methods to incorporate this new media into the classroom. Computers have made a fundamental impact in most industries, providing a competitive advantage that has come to be essential to many businesses. Therefore, schools must also use technology to improve the educational process. School systems often consider purchasing a computer network, and justify its purchase by applying it to routine administrative tasks, such as attendance records and grading. While these tasks are very important, they only show a small part of what technology can do for a school. The effects of technology must go further than simply keeping attendance; it must focus on keeping students interested and productive. Since computers and the Internet have expanded in such a way in which education can be delivered to students, it is currently possible to engage in "distance education through the Internet. Distance education involves audio and video links between teachers and students in remote areas. Video conferencing allows groups to communicate with each ot...

Literary Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Literary Research Paper - Essay Example ions of the Soviet Union, the chaos and violence that occur as a result have long-lasting, often life or death, consequences for those who have taken part (Stern, 1975). Although racial tensions between the Turks and the Cypriots have always proven difficult to manage, which is highlighted in the short story â€Å"Gregory† written by Panos Ioannides in 1963, the choices made by the individuals within the short story serve to indicate that these tensions might not have reached such violent proportions had a few different choices been made on either side. The short story itself is simple enough to summarize. A narrator soldier tells his thoughts and feelings as he follows his orders and performs his duty. The tension involved in this job is revealed from the beginning lines of the story, â€Å"My hand was sweating as I held the pistol. The curve of the trigger was biting against my finger† (648). Although he has obviously held a pistol before, the concept that his hand is sweating around it indicates that either he is in a very warm climate or the presence of the pistol is creating a strong conflict within the man holding it. That the latter interpretation is probably correct is immediately reinforced by the idea that the trigger was ‘biting’ against his finger, fighting against him, injuring him and making him decidedly uncomfortable. The task he faces is made difficult not only because his orders are to execute another man, difficult enough in itself, but also because the man he is ordered to execute is an innoc ent, a friend and a man who had saved the narrator’s life only a few days earlier. In trying to relate the difficulty of the task in front of him, the narrator illustrates the various aspects of both his own life as the unit’s designated executioner and what that has done to his own psyche, but also the aspects of Gregory’s life that make it so difficult for the narrator to squeeze the trigger. Most of these attributes were brought about

Critical Perspectives on thechnology and organisation Essay - 1

Critical Perspectives on thechnology and organisation - Essay Example The case study by Scarbrough & Lannon (1989) describes the impact of innovations and technology on the UK banking sector and discusses possible problems and advantages of technology implementation. The authors suggest that innovations and technological change can help to improve knowledge and learning in different service sectors. One reason for this is that once new technical knowledge is acquired, it can usually be embodied in a readily transferable form. The smoothness and slope of the corporate technical learning curve depend on two factors: (1) how well learning about the particular technology is transmitted from site to site and (2) how representative of later sites the first ones that influence developers design decisions are. Scarbrough & Lannon (1989) underline that technology has a great impact on learning and service improvements. It is possible to apply ‘double loop learning’ to the case of the Bank of Scotland to describe learning and knowledge creation infl uenced by technology. â€Å"Double loop learning’ was first developed by Argyris & Schon in their work Theory in Practice: Increasing Professional Effectiveness published in 1974. â€Å"Double loop learning’ can be defined as â€Å"is learning where assumptions about ways of seeing things are challenged and underlying values are changed. Double loop learning, in questioning givens or taken-for-granteds, has the potential to bring about a profound shift in underlying values by cracking their paradigms or ways of seeing the world† (Argyris & Schon 1992, p. 18). Also, ‘Double loop learning’ can be characterized through reflection, particularly with others in dialogue. Applied to the case by Scarbrough & Lannon, it is possible to say that â€Å"double loop learning’ is achieved by means of technology and innovations. Scarbrough & Lannon (1989) state that learning and

Experiments of Copper (II) Sulphate

Experiments of Copper (II) Sulphate Aim This experiment is to calculate the x which is water of crystallization and the chemical equation is CuSO4 (aq) Â · xH2O (s) and to observed colour changed when complex formation of copper (II) sulphate are formed. Introduction Molar mass is summation of all the atomic masses in a chemical equation. Transition metals are the elements which are found in the d-block in The Periodic Table. The element which is in the first transition series is strong oxidizers and they can form bivalent metal ions which have reducibility and its charge is 2+. Because of empty of d-orbital, transition metals easily form coordination compounds. Copper can form coordination compound; however, its d10 structure is stable so that its highest charge is +3. Hydrochloric acid, its chemical formula is HCl. It is a strong acid and is easily vaporize so that after opening the container which contains HCl, the acid vapour will be seeing very clearly. Because HCl can volatilize, it will combine with the water and form HCl drops (Baidu.Baike, 2009). Copper (II) sulphate often exists as a crystallization as a pentahydrate which means a molecule contains five crystallization of water. It can be sale as blue vitriol which is a chemical material using to produce pigments, battery and so on (Chmicalland21, nd). Ammonia solution is a colourless liquid and has pungent smell. If it is exposing to air it loses NH3 quickly (Down.Food126, 2008). The displacement reaction is a simple substance reacts with a compound, and forms other kinds of simple substance and compound. The Crystal Theory is a theory that search for the chemical bond of the transition metals. The transition metals ions are located on the crystal field and surrounding by anions and dipole molecules. The anions are called central ions, and the dipole molecules are called ligands. These ions can affect the energy which belongs to d-orbital, because of a splitting of energy levels. However, this theory can used to explain the colour changes of the complex (Science.Jrank, 2010). Lister and Renshaw (2000, p469) has pointed out that the molecules or ions use lone pairs to form dative bonds with a d-block metal which is surrounding by a transition metal to form, its a complex. In addition, these kinds of molecules or ions are called ligands. Method Firstly, several apparatus were used in this experiment, for instance, crucible, spatulas, burner, tongs, electronic balance, stand, dessicator, paper clip, conical flasks and pipettes. Secondly, some chemical were used, for example, hydrated copper sulphate, water, concentrate hydrochloric acid, ammonia solution. The last but one, students should wear the coat and safety glasses in the experiment. Part A First, the inside of crucible was cleaned. Second, a paper clip was placed into the crucible and weighed by electronic balance. The weight was recorded down to 0.01g. Third, 3g of copper sulphate was placed into the crucible using the spatula, and was weighed by the electronic balance. Fourth, the burner was lit, and was put under the stand. The paper clip and copper (II) sulphate was placed on the stand and was heated for about 5 minutes. The crystal was stirred with the paper clip. The colour was observed. Fifth, the crucible was placed inside the dessicator for 5 minutes to cool down using tongs (The paper clip was left in the crucible). Sixth, the crucible was weighted when it was cool enough. At last, some water was added into the crucible and indicates the blue colour which is the colour of crystallization of water. Part B Firstly, some copper sulphate and water was put into 3 conical flasks and was shaken to dissolve. Secondly, concentrated hydrochloric acid was dropped into one conical flask using a pipette and observed. Lastly, some ammonia acid was dropped into a second conical flask using another pipette until the colour changed. The colour of this solution should observe carefully after different volume ammonia acid was added. Discussion Part A The chemical formula in part A is CuSO4 (aq) Â · xH2O (l) > CuSO4 (aq) + xH2O (l) Mr 160 + 18x 160 Mass 2.22g 1.4g 1.4 (160 + 18x) = 160 * 2.22 224 + 25.2 = 355.2 25.2 x = 131.2 x = 5.20634 Therefore, x is equal to 5. Here is an explanation of the calculation. The Mr of CuSO4 is 160, and the Mr of water is 18x which the x is still a unknown value. The mass of CuSO4 and water is 2.22g and 1.4g. The number cross multiplies with each other. As a result, the x was come out. Thus, the value of x is slight greater than predict. According to the theory, the right result should be lower than 5 value, maybe the copper sulphate was oxidised, and the water of crystallization was not evaporated enough so that influence the final result. The copper (II) sulphate became black because of the oxidation of the copper. The copper (II) sulphate in the experiment was heated twice in order to make the water of crystallization evaporate completely. If it heated too strongly, the colour of copper sulphate will turn to black. The chemical equation of this reaction is: CuSO4 (aq) > CuO (s) + SO3 (g) Part B One of the reasons why the colour changed is causes by spectrum. The copper (II) sulphate indicated blue in the experiment. Because when the ordinary sunlight passes through the solution, the solution absorbed the wavelengths of the light. The red area in the spectrum was absorbed by the copper (II) ions. However, the sunlight which through the solution and on the other side of the conical flasks made the solution indicates the colour except red. The blue colour is the mixture of wavelengths (Chemguide, 2009). The colour changed in ammonia solution added into copper (II) sulphate is causes by the complex. The light blue colour substance was indicated, and this is basic copper sulphate precipitate. After more ammonia solution was poured into the solution, the precipitate will dissolve and produce [Cu (NH3)4] 2+ which is an indigo colour substance and replaced the basic copper sulphate, and water molecule was replaced by ammonia (Chemguide, 2009). The chemical equation is: Cu2 (l) + 4NH3 (l) > [Cu (NH3)4] 2+ (aq) The transition metals have their own colour causes by d orbital. When the HCl was poured into copper (II) sulphate solution, the [Cu (H2O) 6]2+ was produced, and the colour of this ion is blue. After that, the [CuCl4]2+ was produced, and its colour is yellow. However, the solution was turned to green. Lister and Renshaw (2000, p476) pointed out that the energy gap between d orbital is suitable for the frequency of electromagnetic radiation in the ordinary light, as a result, most of the transition metal has its own colour. Conclusion To summarize, part A shows that how to calculate the water of crystallization, and colour changed between hydrated copper (II) sulphate and anhydrous copper (II) sulphate. In part B shows the definition of ligands, complexes and colour change cause by the spectrum. Reference Baike.Baidu [online] (2009) Available at: http://baike.baidu.com/view/1729.htm?fr=ala0_1_1 Accessed date: December 28, 2009 Chemguide [online] (2009) Available at: http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/complexions/colour.html Accessed date: January 6, 2010 Chmicalland21 [online] (nd) Available at: http://chemicalland21.com/industrialchem/inorganic/COPPER%20SULPHATE%20PENTAHYDRATE.htm Accessed date: January 10, 2010 Down.food126 [online] (2008) Available at: http://down.food126.com/download/view-software-3346.html Accessed date: December 28, 2009 Lister, R. and J., Renshaw (2000). Chemistry for Advanced Level (3rd edition). Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Ltd, Accessed date: December 28, 2009 Lane, R (2009) Chemistry Practical 2 Handout Accessed date: December 28, 2009 Lookchem [online] (2008) Available at: http://www.lookchem.com/COPPER-II-SULFATE-PENTAHYDRATE-1-1-5-/ Accessed date: December 28, 2009 Science.Jrank [online] (2010) Available at: http://science.jrank.org/pages/13786/crystal-field-theory.html Accessed date: January 6, 2010

Emergence of Venture Capital in Western Europe vs the United States :: essays research papers fc

Emergence of Venture Capital in Western Europe vs the United States Table of contents 1 Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 2 The nature of venture capital  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.1 Definition of venture capital  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.2 (Ad)venturers of the past  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.3 How venture capital works  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.4 For innovation a vehicle is needed  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.5 Venture capital helps create vehicles for innovation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.6 Realization of financial returns  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 3 Screening and evaluation process  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.1 Strategies and objectives of venture capitalists  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.2 Screening and decision making process  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.3 Decision to invest  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.4 Deal structuring  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9 4 The development of venture capital in Western Europe  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4.1 General  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4.2 Environmental factors influencing innovation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11 5 Interview  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  17 6 Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20 Bibliography  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  21 1 Introduction The phenomenon that is now called venture capital developed after World War II in the United States. Many returning soldiers were unwilling to take back their old jobs and started out on their own. Moreover the war had produced many technological innovations and ideas that could be put to civilian use. Facilities and machines used in the war production had become unnecessary and were often available at bargain prices. The post war economy expanded fast and offered many business opportunities. It was in this environment that many new enterprises started and needed capital. The first European venture capitalists appeared in the 60’s following the U.S.A. example. In the 80’s the venture capital industry in Europe had reached a level comparable to this industry in the United States during the 50’s (Bygrave, and Timmons, 1992). The purpose of this paper is to explain why the venture capital industry in Western Europe has developed so many years later than in the United States. In chapter two the nature of venture capital will be discussed. The definition and the history of venture capital will be given and how venture capital works will be discussed. For a better understanding of venture capital, in chapter three, the screening and evaluation process to analyse investment possibilities and to take investment decisions will be discussed. In chapter four, the factors influencing the development of venture capital and the causes of the later development of the industry in Western Europe will be explained. Also a brief summary is given of venture capital today in Western Europe based on an interview with a venture capitalist. In chapter five an interview with a venture capitalist about the changes in venture capital in the Netherlands is given. Finally, in chapter six a summary of the paper will be given. 2 The nature of venture capital 2.1 Definition of venture capital Dictionaries describe ‘venture’ as an undertaking that is dangerous, daring, and of uncertain outcome. At a venture means at stake. Emergence of Venture Capital in Western Europe vs the United States :: essays research papers fc Emergence of Venture Capital in Western Europe vs the United States Table of contents 1 Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 2 The nature of venture capital  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.1 Definition of venture capital  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.2 (Ad)venturers of the past  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.3 How venture capital works  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.4 For innovation a vehicle is needed  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.5 Venture capital helps create vehicles for innovation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.6 Realization of financial returns  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 3 Screening and evaluation process  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.1 Strategies and objectives of venture capitalists  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.2 Screening and decision making process  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.3 Decision to invest  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.4 Deal structuring  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  9 4 The development of venture capital in Western Europe  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4.1 General  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4.2 Environmental factors influencing innovation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11 5 Interview  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  17 6 Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20 Bibliography  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  21 1 Introduction The phenomenon that is now called venture capital developed after World War II in the United States. Many returning soldiers were unwilling to take back their old jobs and started out on their own. Moreover the war had produced many technological innovations and ideas that could be put to civilian use. Facilities and machines used in the war production had become unnecessary and were often available at bargain prices. The post war economy expanded fast and offered many business opportunities. It was in this environment that many new enterprises started and needed capital. The first European venture capitalists appeared in the 60’s following the U.S.A. example. In the 80’s the venture capital industry in Europe had reached a level comparable to this industry in the United States during the 50’s (Bygrave, and Timmons, 1992). The purpose of this paper is to explain why the venture capital industry in Western Europe has developed so many years later than in the United States. In chapter two the nature of venture capital will be discussed. The definition and the history of venture capital will be given and how venture capital works will be discussed. For a better understanding of venture capital, in chapter three, the screening and evaluation process to analyse investment possibilities and to take investment decisions will be discussed. In chapter four, the factors influencing the development of venture capital and the causes of the later development of the industry in Western Europe will be explained. Also a brief summary is given of venture capital today in Western Europe based on an interview with a venture capitalist. In chapter five an interview with a venture capitalist about the changes in venture capital in the Netherlands is given. Finally, in chapter six a summary of the paper will be given. 2 The nature of venture capital 2.1 Definition of venture capital Dictionaries describe ‘venture’ as an undertaking that is dangerous, daring, and of uncertain outcome. At a venture means at stake.

Williams and Utilitarianism

In his critique of Utilitarianism, Williams finds fault in the Utilitarian commitment to maximum utility in that it undermines the integrity of moral agents and denies people the projects and relationships they inherently value. Famously known as his â€Å"Integrity Objection†, this proposition is immediately very enticing in that it appeals to the idea of the invaluable and imperative nature of benevolence and compassion, versus the cold, impartial hand of Utilitarianism. That is not to say, however, that Utilitarians have been dealt a hefty criticism from which they have no defense.While Williams may be correct in claiming that abandoning commitments or devaluing personal relationships may be counterintuitive, a Utilitarian could argue that his construction of â€Å"integrity† is equally counterintuitive in that it would require one to override their intrinsic pursuit of self- preservation. Additionally, if we were to presuppose Williams’ correctness, a Utilita rian could argue that the only plausible implementation of such a theory would mean valuing these emotional engagements above one’s own agency, a scenario even more demanding and sacrificial of one’s identity than the Utilitarian proposal.Williams directs this objection specifically toward Act-Utilitarianism, a branch of Utilitarian thought that deems the morally correct action as the one that produces the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. He claims that such a theory is incompatible with the aspect of human happiness that is found in the commitment to personal projects and relationships: â€Å"Utilitarianism would do well then to acknowledge the evident fact that among the things that make people happy is not only making other people happy, but being taken up or involved in any of a vast range of projects. 1 While Utilitarians actually need lower order projects comprised of relationships and commitments in order to validate their higher order projects, the lower order projects will always serve the concerns of the first order. In turn, Williams asserts that such a compromise of emotional engagements for maximum utility usurps one’s sense of self, consequently marring the distinction between one’s commitment and one’s identity: â€Å"(†¦ ) that criterion would eliminate any desire at all which was not blankly and in the most straightforward sense egoistic.Thus we should be reduced to frankly egoistic first-order projects, and- for all essential purposes- the one second-order utilitarian project of maximally satisfying first-order projects. †2Abandoning certain commitments for the sake of another project can be acceptable, but when forced to relinquish those which a person deeply values, Williams argues they are robbed of â€Å"a sense of one’s moral identity† or what he describes as one’s integrity.Williams offers us two scenarios to further exemplify his theory: â€Å"Jim†, who is told by the edicts of utilitarianism to murder one innocent Amazon Indian in order to prevent twenty more being murdered, and â€Å"George†, a chemist who is (also by the parameters of Utilitarianism) forced to take a job creating weapons of mass destruction, since the balance-sheet of utilities shows that if George refuses, a far younger, more zealous chemist will carry the project along even further and more efficiently than George.While these scenarios may seem like far-fetched constructions meant to reveal Utilitarianism pursuing the wrong choice, Williams conversely (perhaps begrudgingly) admits that these would be the â€Å"right† choices for the given circumstances. The true problem, he argues, is 1? CITATION? 112? 2? CITATION? 113? ? hat the emphasis should not simply be on the â€Å"rightness† of the action but the considerations involved in reaching that conclusion. This is a feature of Utilitarianism Williams claims â€Å" cuts out a consideration which for some others makes a difference to what they feel about such cases†. 3 He continues to explain that excluding such considerations denies our sense of personal accountability for our own actions and in turn â€Å"makes integrity as a value more or less intelligible†. In sum, if we were to reduce William’s entire integrity objection to its most salient points, they would be the following: the emotional commitments that are incompatible with the parameters of Act- Utilitarianism are not only impossible to abandon entirely but are an integral facet of human happiness, therefore creating a dilemma for the Utilitarian in that they must allow for it. The potential defense of a Utilitarian to Williams’ objection begins with the examination of his construction of integrity, which he seems to define as one’s â€Å"sense of self†.Looking simply at this definition alone, it could be said that subjectivity suggested with this variety of integrity incorrectly presupposes that a person’s sense of their identity is always correct. Utilitarianism could make a claim for the value in assessing reality with the sort of impartiality that Williams’ rejects, seeing as if one is not being appraised objectively, their sense of self is entirely contingent on their own conception.More importantly, and the crux of the Utilitarian defense, is that while Williams’ is correct in his claim that abandoning these emotional entanglements is counterintuitive, maintaining such commitments are at odds with the human desire for self-preservation, a 3? CITATION? p99? 4? CITATION? p99? ? conflict that Utilitarianism not only recognizes but Williams does not offer any viable solution for.Based on his examples and criticisms of Utilitarianism, it could be inferred that Williams assumes that we have a moral obligation to help others in a time of crisis, that one has an inherent responsibility to compassion a nd benevolence. This is clearly in conflict with the Utilitarian theory that one’s responsibility is to maximum utility, so even if the Utilitarian were to concede to Williams objection, it would be implausible to imagine a scenario in which the two could be regarded as being of equal value.In turn, the only option available to maintaining this ethos of selflessness would be to regard it as superior to maximum utility. This, a Utilitarian could argue, could prove to be extremely problematic. Firstly, it is extremely unrealistic to assume that people have the capacity to function entirely out of selflessness. Even though benevolence and emotional attachment can provide a certain level of happiness and fulfillment to a person, the expectation to unilaterally value the welfare of others over our own is not only implausible but ultimately self-defeating.Abandoning or betraying commitments in order to further advance a larger more important agenda certainly isn’t an idea pa rticular to Utilitarianism. A quick browse of a history textbook would support that, by and large, humans are inherently self-serving and while one may commit to an act, cause or person, it does not necessarily mean that they themselves aren’t using such relationships for their own agency. Utilitarianism may require that a person abandon a particular commitment for the sake of the reater good, but it can certainly be said that in the absence of utilitarianism, the commitment could be abandoned anyway, except in this case it would be for a self-serving purpose. A Utilitarian could potentially argue that their moral theory simply recognizes and curbs the inwardly focused desires of mankind and attempts to redirect such motivation toward the greater good. One could argue that Williams’ is somewhat disillusioned with mankind as he makes sweeping idealizations of the human psyche.Williams’ examples of â€Å"Jim† and â€Å"George† seem to both be conting ent on the idea that what makes said examples disconcerting is premise that both men would be acting against their conscience, in turn making the assumption that all people have consciences that should be considered. Secondly, if one could clear the hurdle of the first argument, the actual implementation of such a theory is extremely difficult. Williams argues that Utilitarianism is far too demanding to be plausible but in fact, trading this impartiality for benevolence proves to be far more exhausting.Considering the world’s current state of affairs, there are always people in dire need of help, so one calls into question exactly what parameters would be set in place in order to orchestrate such a society. What would be the stipulations of a worthy recipient of another’s benevolence? If Williams was simply talking about people’s obligation to those close to them, valuing those relationships above maximum utility creates a bias that is even more incompatible wit h benevolence than Utilitarianism, which at least works in the interest of the entire population.A Utilitarian could also argue that it simply because they are outweighed by maximum utility does not mean that substantial relationships are not valued in Utilitarianism. While they are indeed lower order projects, a Utilitarian could make an argument that it is through maintaining such relationships that the value of one’s own welfare is realized and are only outweighed by serious interests of first order projects.The analyses above reflect the same conclusion. Williams’ objection brings to light shortcomings in Utilitarianism that are easily felt by those uncomfortable with the impartial and seemingly unfeeling Utilitarian mentality. However, the arguments put forth by Williams regarding the counterintuitive and overly demanding nature of impartiality neglect the similarly inherent and insatiable desire for self-preservation.

Copyright Challenges Of The Modern Digital Economy Essay

Question: Identify and discuss these copyright challenges in the modern digital economy using examples from case law. Examine the recommendations made by the ALRC for the introduction of ‘fair use’ in Australia? Fair use is a defense to copyright infringement that essentially asks of any particular use; Is this fair? Do you think that this reform will promote innovation and enable a market-based response to the demands of the digital age? Word Count: 1728 The term ‘fair use’ is defined by Hudson as the use of copyright material without permission from the owner for purposes that are deemed fair. In the digital economy however, new challengers arise with ‘fair use’. These challenges are due to the complex and changing nature of the digital environment, and the need for the law to remain relevant, and be clear and broadly understood in the community. Secondly, the purpose of copyright law is to stimulate creation and learning by providing incentives to create and distribute. 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